• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

柑橘土壤丛枝菌根真菌对施肥措施的响应及影响因子

Response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to fertilization practices in citrus orchard soils and the impact factors

  • 摘要:
    目的 柑橘是重要的经济作物,种植过程中常施用大量肥料以提高产量。然而,柑橘根毛较少,是一种菌根依赖型植物,不同施肥方式如何影响柑橘AM真菌目前仍不够明确。因此,本研究旨在调查区域尺度上不同施肥措施对柑橘AM真菌群落结构、多样性及网络共生模式的影响,为柑橘生产中土壤健康管理提供理论支持。
    方法 在浙江省衢州市柯城区选择了24家柑橘园,包括5个不施肥橘园(NF)、10个单施化肥橘园(CF)、9个化肥与有机肥配施橘园(COF),采集0—20 cm土层土样,采用湿筛倾析蔗糖离心法测定了土壤AM真菌孢子密度,采用高通量测序技术分析了土壤AM真菌群落结构。
    结果 与NF相比,COF果园柑橘果实Vc含量和固酸比分别显著提高了22.1%和65.5%,土壤中有机碳、全氮和速效氮、磷、钾的含量也显著升高,但三类施肥模式柑橘园土壤的pH、易提取态球囊霉素以及土壤AM真菌孢子密度没有显著差异。管柄囊霉属(Funneliformis)、球囊霉属(Glomus)、根孢囊霉属(Rhizophagus)为优势AM类群。与NF相比,CF和COF处理显著降低了柑橘园土壤中Funneliformis的相对丰度,提高了Rhizophagus相对丰度。Rhizophagus的相对丰度与有机碳、速效钾、Vc含量和固酸比呈显著正相关,而GlomusFunneliformis的相对丰度与有机碳和速效钾含量呈显著负相关。施肥模式对AM真菌群落多样性指数(Shannon、Simpson)没有显著影响,但CF和COF果园土壤中的AM真菌丰富度(Chao1指数)显著低于NF果园。施肥改变了AM真菌共现网络模式,与不施肥果园相比,降低了土壤AM真菌网络的稳定性。
    结论 施肥改变了土壤有机碳、有效养分含量以及AM真菌群落结构和属水平相对丰度,进而降低了AM真菌群落的网络复杂度和群落稳定性。相比于单施化肥,化肥与有机肥配施显著提高了土壤养分含量和柑橘果实Vc含量和固酸比,并且通过提高柑橘土壤中有机碳和速效钾的含量进一步提高Rhizophagus的相对丰度,且对AM真菌的孢子密度具有一定的促进作用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Chemical fertilizers are often over applied in citrus orchards for high fruit yield. Citrus is mycorrhiza - dependent plants, has relatively few root hairs, so requiring assistance from microorganism for sufficient nutrient absorption. Therefore, we studied the effects of fertilization practices on the community structure,diversity, and co-occurrence network patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)in citrus soil.
    Methods The research choosed 24 citrus orchards in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, including 5 orchards without fertilizer application (NF), 10 orchards only applying chemical fertilizer (CF), and 9 orchards with co-application of chemical and organic fertilizers (COF). Soil samples were collected in the orchards, and the wet-screened decanting-sucrose centrifugation method was used to determine AM fungi spore density, the high-throughput sequencing technique was used for analysis of soil AM fungal community.
    Results Compared to NF orchards, COF significantly increased the fruit Vc and solid acid contents by 22.1% and 65.5%, enhanced soil organic carbon, total N, and available NPK contents. Neither COF nor CF changed soil pH, easily extractable glomalin, and AM fungal spore density significantly. The dominant genera of soil AM fungi were Funneliformis, Glomus, and Rhizophagus. Compared to NF, CF and COF decreased the relative abundance (RA) of Funneliformis but increased that of Rhizophagus significantly. The RA of Rhizophagus was positively correlated with soil organic carbon, and available K contents, positively correlated with fruit Vc content and solid-acid ratio. The RA of Glomus and Funneliformis negatively correlated with soil organic carbon, and available Kcontents. However, Compared to NF, CF and COF did not affect on the Shannon and Simpson indices of AM fungal community, but decreased AM fungal richness (Chao1 index) and changed the community structure significantly. Fertilization changed the Co-occurrence network patterns of AM fungi, and the network under NF treatment being the most stable.
    Conclusion Fertilization significantly altered soil AM fungal community structures and changed their relative abundances at genus level through modifying soil organic carbon and available K content, consequently declined the complexity and stability of AM fungal community networks. The co-application of organic and chemical fertilizers significantly improved the fruit quality of citrus, and soil nutrient content and the relative RA of Rhizophagus due to high soil organic carbon and available K, and the high spore density.

     

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