• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

一年三熟种植模式对金沙江流域植烟土壤理化性质及微生物群落的影响

Effects of annual three-cropping system on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of tobacco-growing soil in the Jinsha River Basin

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 明确金沙江流域烟区冬闲地种植烤烟后两熟作物对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。
    方法 在云南巧家烟区开展田间定位试验，设置五个处理，全年仅种植烤烟(CK，当地常规种植模式)、和烤烟−玉米−蚕豆(B1)、烤烟−玉米−绿肥(B2)、烤烟−玉米−油菜(B3)、烤烟−玉米−豌豆(B4)四种轮作模式。连续两年测定第三季作物收获后土壤理化性质、酶活性及土壤微生物群落。
    结果 与CK处理相比，三熟处理(B1-B4)显著提高脲酶、蔗糖酶活性。三熟处理的细菌Shannon和Simpson指数均显著高于CK，B2处理分别显著提高了5.03%和0.30%。三熟处理的真菌Shannon指数均显著高于CK，其中B4显著提高了10.03%，而Simpson指数差异不显著；B1处理的Chao1指数比CK提高了2.12%。在属水平上，三熟处理的念珠菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、苔藓杆菌属、被孢霉属等有益菌的相对丰度呈现不同程度的增加，镰刀菌属、链格孢属等病原菌有一定的下降，其中B3处理表现较优；RDA分析表明，土壤pH和有效氮含量是影响土壤细菌群落结构的主要驱动因子，而速效钾、有机质含量是影响土壤真菌群落结构的主要驱动因子。
    结论 在金沙江流域实施一年三熟种植模式整体改善土壤质量，其中烤烟−玉米−绿肥轮作模式对土壤养分及酶活性、土壤微生物物种多样性提升最显著，烤烟−玉米−油菜有利于增加土壤有益菌丰度，降低病原菌丰度，改善土壤微生物群落结构。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the effects of planting two season crops after tobacco in winter idle lands on the microbial community structure of tobacco-planting soil in the Jinsha River basin.
    Methods A field experiment was conducted in Qiaojia tobacco-growing area, Yunnan, with five treatments: local conventional planting mode with only flue-cured tobacco throughout the year as control (CK), and flue-cured tobacco-corn-broad bean (B1), flue-cured tobacco-corn-green manure (B2), flue-cured tobacco-corn-/rapeseed (B3), and flue-cured tobacco-corn-pea (B4). Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and soil microbial community were measured after the harvest of third crop for two consecutive years.
    Results Compared with CK treatment, the three-cropping treatments (B1-B4) significantly increased urease and sucrase activities after harvest. Bacteria Shannon and Simpson indices in three-cropping treatments were significantly higher than CK, with B2 significantly increasing by 5.03% and 0.30%, respectively; fungal Shannon indices in three-cropping treatments was significantly higher than CK, with B4 significantly increasing by 10.03%; however, fungal Simpson indices showed no no significant difference. The fungal Chao1 index in B1 increased by 2.12% compared with CK; At the genus level, the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Candidatus_Udaeobacter, Sphingomonas, Bryobacter and Mortierella in three cropping treatment increased to varying degrees, while t pathogenic genera such as Fusarium and Alternaria decreased to a certain extent, and B3 treatment showed better performance. RDA showed that soil pH and hydrolyzed nitrogen were the main driving factors affecting soil bacterial community structure , and available potassium and organic matter were the main driving factors affecting soil fungal community structure.
    Conclusion The annual three-cropping system in the Jinsha River basin improved soil quality. The flue-cured tobacco-corn-green manure treatment had the best positive effects on soil nutrients, enzyme activities and soil microbial diversity. The flue-cured tobacco-corn-rapeseed treatment increased beneficial microbial genera and reduced pathogenic genera , optimizing the soil microbial community structure.

     

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