• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

一年三熟种植模式对金沙江流域植烟土壤理化性质及微生物群落的影响

Effects of annual three-cropping system on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of tobacco-growing soil in the Jinsha River Basin

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 明确金沙江流域烟区冬闲地种植烤烟后两熟作物对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。
    方法 在云南巧家烟区开展田间定位试验，设置5个处理，包括全年仅种植烤烟处理(CK，当地常规种植模式)，以及烤烟−玉米−蚕豆(B1)、烤烟−玉米−苕子(B2)、烤烟−玉米−油菜(B3)、烤烟−玉米−豌豆(B4) 4种轮作模式处理。连续两年测定第三季作物收获后土壤理化性质、酶活性及土壤微生物群落。
    结果 与CK相比，三熟种植模式下B1、B2处理显著提高土壤脲酶活性，B1～B4处理显著提高土壤蔗糖酶活性。与CK相比，B1～B4处理的细菌Shannon指数和B1～B3处理的Simpson指数均显著提高，B2处理分别提高了5.03%和0.30%。B1、B3、B4处理真菌Shannon指数均显著高于CK，其中B4处理显著提高10.03%，而Simpson指数变化不显著。在属水平上，三熟处理的念珠菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、苔藓杆菌属、被孢霉属等有益菌的相对丰度呈现不同程度的增加，镰刀菌属、链格孢属等病原菌有一定的下降，其中B3处理表现较优；冗余分析(RDA)结果表明，土壤pH和有效氮含量是影响土壤细菌群落结构的主要驱动因子，而速效钾、有机质含量是影响土壤真菌群落结构的主要驱动因子。
    结论 在金沙江流域，实施一年三熟种植模式可整体改善土壤质量。其中，烤烟−玉米−绿肥轮作模式对土壤养分及酶活性、土壤微生物物种多样性提升最显著，烤烟−玉米−油菜轮作有利于增加土壤有益菌丰度，降低病原菌丰度，改善土壤微生物群落结构。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives This study aims to investigate how planting two-season crops after tobacco in winter idle lands in the Jinsha River Basin impacts the microbial community structure of tobacco-planting soil.
    Methods A field experiment was conducted in Qiaojia tobacco-growing area, Yunnan, with five treatments: local conventional planting mode with only flue-cured tobacco throughout the year as control (CK), and flue-cured tobacco-corn-broad bean (B1), flue-cured tobacco-corn-green manure (B2), flue-cured tobacco-corn-rapeseed (B3), and flue-cured tobacco-corn-pea (B4). Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and soil microbial community were measured after the harvest of third crop for two consecutive years.
    Results Compared with CK treatment, the three-cropping treatments significantly increased urease activity in B1 and B2, and significantly increased sucrase activity in B1 to B4 after harvest. The Shannon index of bacteria in the three-cropping treatments B1−B4 and the Simpson index in B1−B3 were significantly higher than CK, with B2 significantly increasing by 5.03% and 0.30%, respectively. The Shannon index of fungi in the three-cropping treatments B1, B3, B4 was significantly higher than CK, with B4 significantly increasing by 10.03%; however, fungal Simpson indices showed no significant difference. At the genus level, the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Candidatus_Udaeobacter, Sphingomonas, Bryobacter and Mortierella in three cropping treatment increased to varying degrees, while the pathogenic genera such as Fusarium and Alternaria decreased to a certain extent, and B3 treatment showed better performance. RDA showed that soil pH and hydrolyzed nitrogen were the main driving factors affecting soil bacterial community structure, and available potassium and organic matter were the main driving factors affecting soil fungal community structure.
    Conclusions The annual three-cropping system in the Jinsha River basin improved soil quality. The flue-cured tobacco-corn-green manure treatment had the best positive effects on soil nutrients, enzyme activities and soil microbial diversity. The flue-cured tobacco-corn-rapeseed treatment increased beneficial microbial genera and reduced pathogenic genera, thereby optimizing the soil microbial community structure.

     

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