• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

施钼提高小豆产量、品质及生理代谢的效应

Seed dressing of ammonia molybdate effectively increase physiological metabolism and the seed yield and quality of adzuki bean

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨不同施钼方式对小豆产量、品质及生理代谢的影响，为实现小豆高产高效栽培提供科学施肥依据。
    方法 以保红8824和保红947两个小豆品种为试验材料，于2021—2023年在河北保定开展大田试验。设置4个处理：不施钼肥(T1)、基施钼肥(T2)、钼肥拌种(T3)和喷施钼肥(T4)，分别在分枝期、盛花期、结荚期测定株高、根长等相关表型指标，记录光合特性、产量和品质相关数据，并分析根系结构特征。
    结果 2021、2022、2023年结果均表明，T3处理对小豆根系形态优化效果最显著(P<0.05)，其中，保红947的根长、根表面积、根体积、根瘤数量较T1分别增加了20.12%、25.37%、42.86%、28.73%，保红8824分别增加了32.58%、35.42%、30.15%、24.15%。T2、T4相比T1也改善了根系形态，但与T3差异显著(P<0.05)。与T1相比，保红947、保红8824两品种T2、T3、T4处理下平均增产9.88%、19.97%、5.19%；T3处理两品种籽粒淀粉含量分别增加11.02%、10.23%，可溶性糖增加25.24%、22.17%，可溶性蛋白提高9.71%、8.65%，脂肪提升40.24%、38.17%。T3处理下，保红947和保红8824干物质积累较T1处理增加25.87%、33.56%，净光合速率提高78.47%、27.23%，蒸腾速率提高了35.21%、28.36%，淀粉酶活性增加36.31%、35.64%，硝酸还原酶活性增加了26.52%、15.63%。T2、T4处理以上各指标虽有一定效果，但与T3差异也达到显著水平(P<0.05)。
    结论 钼肥拌种可极大地提高小豆的光合效率和蒸腾速率，促进干物质积累和向籽粒的运转，因而显著提升小豆产量，改善籽粒品质。土壤基施和叶面喷施钼肥的效果不如拌种。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of different molybdenum (Mo) application methods on the yield, quality and physiological metabolism of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), providing a scientific basis for high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization strategies.
    Method Field experiments were conducted in Baoding, Hebei Province, from 2021 to 2023, using two adzuki bean cultivars, Baohong 8824 and Baohong 947. Four treatments were established: no Mo application (T1), basal application of Mo (T2), seed dressing with Mo (T3), and foliar spraying of Mo (T4). Phenotypic traits such as plant height and root length were measured at the branching, full flowering, and pod-filling stages. Photosynthetic characteristics, yield, quality-related data, and root structural features were recorded and analyzed.
    Results Across 2021 to 2023, T3 treatment increased significantly the root length, root surface area, root volume, and number of root nodules of Baohong 947 by 20.12%, 25.37%, 42.86%, and 28.73%, and those of Baohong 8824 by 32.58%, 35.42%, 30.15%, and 30.15%, respectively, compared with T1. T2 and T4 treatment also exhibited root morphology indexes higher than T1 but significantly lower than T3. Compared with T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatment enhanced the average seed yields of Baohong947 and Baohong8824 by 9.88%, 19.97%, and 5.19%, respectively; T3 promoted the seed starch content of Baohong947 and Baohong8824 by 11.02% and 10.23%, the soluble sugar by 25.24% and 24.15%, soluble protein by 9.71% and 8.65%, and fat by 40.24% and 38.17% (P<0.05). T3 treatment showed the most significant promotion effect on dry matter accumulation (25.87% for Baohong947 and 33.57% for Baohong8824), net photosynthetic rate (78.47%, 27.23%), transpiration rate (35.21%, 28.36%), amylase activity (36.31%, 35.64%), and nitrate reductase activity (26.52%, 15.63%). T2 and T4 showed promotion effects on the indicators that were higher than T1 but lower than T3 (P<0.05).
    Conclusion Seed dressing of ammonia molybdate demonstrated the most effective on enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and transpiration rate, promoting root development and dry matter accumulation, significantly increasing yield and quality of adzuki bean. Basal application or leaf spraying of ammonia molybdate showed not that obvious effect. So seed dressing of ammonia molybdate is recommended in the production of adzuki bean production.

     

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