• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

不同施钼方式对小豆产量、品质及生理代谢的影响

Effects of molybdenum application method on yield, quality and physiological metabolism of adzuki bean

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨不同施钼方式对小豆产量、品质及生理代谢的影响，为实现小豆高产高效栽培提供科学施肥依据。
    方法 以保红 8824和保红 947两个小豆品种为试验材料，于2021—2023年在河北省保定开展大田试验。设置4个处理：不施钼肥(T1)、基施钼肥(T2)、钼肥浸种(T3)和喷施钼肥(T4)，分别在分枝期、盛花期、结荚期测定株高、根长等相关表型指标，并分析植株光合特性、产量、品质及根系结构特征。
    结果 2021—2023年的试验结果均表明，T3处理对小豆根系形态优化效果最显著(P<0.05)，其中，保红 947的根长、根表面积、根体积、根瘤数量较T1处理分别增加了12.46%、20.11%、52.79%、62.77%，保红 8824分别增加了43.31%、24.38%、43.49%、51.16%。T2、T4处理相比T1处理也改善了根系形态，但仍显著低于T3处理(P<0.05)。与T1处理相比，保红 947、保红 8824两品种在T2、T3、T4处理下平均增产9.88%、19.97%、5.19%；T3处理保红 947和保红 8824籽粒淀粉含量分别增加10.41%和13.46%，可溶性糖含量分别增加31.54%和18.94%，蛋白质含量分别提高8.03%和11.36%，脂肪含量分别提升41.79%和38.66%。T3处理下，保红 947和保红 8824盛花期叶片干物质积累量较T1处理分别增加24.10%和19.09%，净光合速率分别提高36.44%和20.60%，蒸腾速率分别提高了10.16%和19.02%，淀粉酶活性分别增加36.31%和35.64%，硝酸还原酶活性分别增加了52.51%和49.51%。T2、T4处理以上各指标虽有一定提升，但仍显著低于T3处理(P<0.05)。
    结论 钼肥浸种可极大地提高小豆的光合效率和蒸腾速率，促进干物质积累和向籽粒的运转，进而显著提升小豆产量，改善籽粒品质。土壤基施和叶面喷施钼肥的效果不如浸种处理。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of different molybdenum (Mo) application methods on the yield, quality and physiological metabolism of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), providing a scientific basis for high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization strategies.
    Method Field experiments were conducted in Baoding, Hebei Province, from 2021 to 2023, using two adzuki bean cultivars, Baohong 8824 and Baohong 947. Four treatments were established: no Mo application (T1), basal application of Mo (T2), seed soaking with Mo (T3), and foliar spraying of Mo (T4). Phenotypic traits such as plant height and root length were measured at the branching, full flowering, and pod-filling stages. Photosynthetic characteristics, yield, quality-related data, and root structural features were recorded and analyzed.
    Results In 2021–2023, results consistently showed T3 treatment most significantly optimized adzuki bean root morphology (P<0.05). Specifically, at the branching stage, compared with T1, root length, surface area, volume, and root nodule number of Baohong 947 increased by 12.46%, 20.11%, 52.79%, 62.77%, respectively; and those of Baohong 8824 by 43.31%, 24.38%, 43.49%, 51.16%, respectively. Additionally, T2 and T4 had higher root morphology indexes than T1 but significantly lower than T3. Compared with T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatment enhanced the average seed yields of Baohong 947 and Baohong 8824 by 9.88%, 19.97%, and 5.19%, respectively; T3 promoted the seed starch content of Baohong 947 and Baohong 8824 by 10.41% and 13.46%, the soluble sugar content by 31.54% and 18.94%, soluble protein content by 8.03% and 11.36%, and fat content by 41.79% and 38.66% (P<0.05). During the full-flowering period, T3 treatment showed the most significant promotion effect on leaf dry matter accumulation (24.10% for Baohong 947 and 19.09% for Baohong 8824), net photosynthetic rate (36.44%, 20.60%), transpiration rate (10.16%, 19.02%), amylase activity (36.31%, 35.64%), and nitrate reductase activity (52.51%, 49.51%). T2 and T4 showed promotion effects on the indicators, which were higher than T1 but lower than T3 (P<0.05).
    Conclusion Seed soaking of ammonium molybdate demonstrated the higheat effect on enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and transpiration rate, promoting root development and dry matter accumulation, significantly increasing yield and quality of adzuki bean. Basal application or leaf spraying of ammonium molybdate showed less obvious effect. So seed soaking of ammonium molybdate is recommended in the production of adzuki bean.

     

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