• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

负压灌溉对玉米磷吸收和根际土壤磷含量的影响

Effects of negative pressure irrigation on phosphorus uptake of maize and phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析负压灌溉对玉米各器官磷吸收、含量和根际土磷素变化的影响规律，为提高负压供水利用效率提供理论依据。
    方法 负压灌溉盆栽试验分别于2019和2020年在黑龙江八一农垦大学试验基地防雨棚内进行，试验所选玉米品种为“先玉335”。试验设置负压灌溉−5 kPa、−10 kPa、−15 kPa 3个供水压力，以常规浇灌为对照(CK)，测定玉米株高、茎粗、产量变化，分析不同生育时期各器官磷吸收量和磷含量变化，并监测玉米根际土全磷和有效磷含量变化。
    结果 与CK相比，−5 kPa处理产量在2019年和2020年分别显著提高38.7%、16.2%，−15 kPa处理产量显著低于对照和−5 kPa处理。在成熟期，−5 kPa处理与CK相比，根、茎、叶、穗轴、籽粒和总磷吸收量2019年分别显著提高120.8%、86.6%、26.4%、66.9%、15.2%、43.3%，2020年分别显著提高15.4%、22.4%、47.0%、29.7%、30.0%、21.3%。−10 kPa处理与CK相比，根、茎、叶吸收量2019年分别提高47.1%、53.0%、10.7%，2020年叶片磷吸收量提高了10.1%，其余器官总磷吸收量均低于CK。−15 kPa处理各器官磷吸收量以及总磷吸收量均显著低于CK和−10 kPa处理。2019年，−5 kPa处理根系、茎、叶、苞叶、轴磷含量与CK相比分别提高22.4%、71.8%、10.1%、10.0%、43.7%，−10 kPa处理茎、叶、苞叶、轴、籽粒分别较CK提高102.8%、17.9%、13.8%、19.8%、11.5%，−15 kPa处理茎、叶、苞叶、轴分别较CK提高136.9%、38.9%、98.2%、66.1%。2020年，−5 kPa处理根系、茎、叶、轴磷含量分别较CK提高34.1%、17.2%、13.6%、28.4%，−10 kPa处理根系、叶、轴分别较CK提高30.5%、27.6%、22.6%；与CK相比，−5 kPa处理2019年磷肥偏生产力、磷效率分别提高38.7%、41.7%，2020年分别提高16.2%、18.8%。抽雄期和成熟期，−5 kPa处理土壤全磷与CK相比2019年分别降低了8.1%和10.9%，2020年分别降低了5.4%和6.0%，−10 kPa处理与−5 kPa处理之间无显著差异，−15 kPa处理与CK之间无显著差异。在抽雄期和成熟期，−5 kPa处理土壤有效磷含量与CK相比2019年分别降低了17.6%和36.0%，2020年分别降低了19.2%和21.9%；−10 kPa处理与−5 kPa处理无显著差异。2019年，−15 kPa处理根际土有效磷含量显著低于CK和−5 kPa处理，2020年成熟期−15 kPa处理显著低于CK。
    结论 负压灌溉在−5 kPa 供水压力下对玉米生长、提高产量和磷吸收效果优于CK、−10 kPa和−15 kPa处理，同时降低根际土全磷和有效磷含量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives This study explored the influences of negative pressure irrigation on the phosphorus uptake and phosphorus content in various organs of maize, and total phosphorus and available phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of negative pressure water supply.
    Methods Negative pressure irrigation pot experiments were conducted in a rain-proof shed at the experimental base of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University in 2019 and 2020 respectively, using maize variety Xianyu 335. Three negative pressure irrigation pressure level by −5 kPa, −10 kPa and −15 kPa were established, with conventional irrigation as control(CK). Plant height, stem diameter, and yield of maize were measured, phosphorus uptake and phosphorus content in various organs at different growth stages were analyzed. Total phosphorus and available phosphorus content in corn rhizosphere soil were also determined.
    Results the yield of −5 kPa treatment was 38.7% and 16.2% higher than CK in 2019 and 2020 respectively, the −15 kPa was significantly lower than the control and the −5 kPa treatment; at the maturity stage, the root, stem, leaf, cob, grain and total phosphorus uptake of −5 kPa treatment was 120.8%, 86.6%, 26.4%, 66.9%, 15.2%, 43.3% higher than CK in 2019, and was 15.4%, 22.4%, 47.0%, 29.7%, 30.0%, 21.3% higher than CK in 2020, respectively; the uptake of phosphorus in roots, stems, leaves of −10 kPa treatment was 47.1%, 53.0%, 10.7% higher than CK respectively in 2019, and the uptake of phosphorus in leaves was 10.1% higher than CK respectively in 2020, and the total phosphorus uptake of other organs was all lower than CK; the phosphorus uptake in various organs and total phosphorus uptake of −15 kPa treatment were significantly lower than CK and −10 kPa treatment; when in 2019, the phosphorus content in root, stem, leaf, bract, and axis of −5 kPa was 22.4%, 71.8%, 10.1%, 10.0%, and 43.7% higher than CK respectively, the stem, leaf, bract, shaft, and grain of −10 kPa was 102.8%, 17.9%, 13.8%, 19.8%, and 11.5% higher than CK, and the phosphorus content of stems, leaves, bracts, and axes of −15 kPa was 136.9%, 38.9%, 98.2%, and 66.1% higher than CK respectively; when in 2020, the phosphorus content in the roots, stems, leaves, and axes of −5 kPa was 34.1%, 17.2%, 13.6%, and 28.4% higher than CK respectively, the root system, leaves, and axis of −10 kPa was 30.5%, 27.6%, and 22.6% higher than CK respectively; the phosphorus partial productivity and phosphorus efficiency of −5 kPa was 38.7% and 41.7% higher than CK respectively in 2019, and was 16.2% and 18.8% higher than CK respectively in 2020; when it was in tassel stage and maturity stage, the total phosphorus in rhizosphere soil of −5 kPa treatment was 8.11% and 10.86% lower than CK in 2019, and was 5.4% and 6.0% in 2020; it was no significant difference between −10 kPa and −5 kPa treatment, and it was no significant difference between −15 kPa treatment and CK; when the maize at tasseling stage and maturity stage, the soil available phosphorus content was 17.56% and 36.0% in 2019 and 19.2% and 21.9% in 2020 lower than CK in the −5 kPa treatment respectively; there was no significant difference between −10 kPa and −5 kPa treatment; the available phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil of −15 kPa treatment was significantly lower than CK and −5 kPa treatment in 2019, and the −15 kPa treatment was significantly lower than CK at maturity in 2020.
    Conclusions Negative pressure irrigation with −5 kPa water supply pressure has better effects on promoting maize growth, increasing yield and phosphorus uptake than CK, −10 kPa and −15 kPa treatments, at the same time, the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil was reduced.

     

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