负压灌溉对玉米磷吸收和根际土壤磷含量的影响

张吉立; 刘振平; 王鹏; 龙怀玉; 高明菊

doi:10.11674/zwyf.2025056

负压灌溉对玉米磷吸收和根际土壤磷含量的影响

Effects of negative pressure irrigation on phosphorus uptake of maize and phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil

摘要

摘要:
目的探究负压灌溉对玉米各器官磷吸收、磷含量和根际土磷素变化的影响规律，为提高负压供水利用效率提供理论依据。
方法 2019和2020年，在黑龙江八一农垦大学试验基地防雨棚内开展负压灌溉盆栽试验，供试玉米品种为‘先玉335’。试验设置负压灌溉−5 kPa、−10 kPa、−15 kPa 3个供水压力，以常规浇灌为对照(CK)。于成熟期测定玉米株高、茎粗、产量，分析不同生育时期各器官磷吸收量及磷含量变化，并监测玉米根际土全磷、有效磷含量变化。
结果与CK相比，−5 kPa处理在2019年和2020年分别显著提高玉米产量38.7%、16.2%，而−15 kPa处理产量显著低于CK和−5 kPa处理。成熟期时，−5 kPa处理下，根、茎、叶、穗轴、籽粒及整株的磷吸收量在2019年分别较CK显著提高120.8%、86.6%、26.4%、66.9%、15.2%、43.3%，2020年分别显著提高15.4%、22.4%、47.0%、29.7%、30.0%、21.3%。−10 kPa处理下，根、茎、叶磷吸收量在2019年分别较CK提高47.1%、53.0%、10.7%，2020年叶片磷吸收量提高10.1%，其余器官磷吸收量均低于CK。−15 kPa处理下，各器官及磷吸收量均显著低于CK和−10 kPa处理。2019年，−5 kPa处理下，根系、茎、叶、苞叶、穗轴的磷含量分别较CK提高22.4%、71.8%、10.1%、10.0%、43.7%；−10 kPa处理下，茎、叶、苞叶、穗轴、籽粒的磷含量分别较CK提高102.8%、17.9%、13.8%、19.8%、11.5%；−15 kPa处理下，茎、叶、苞叶、穗轴的磷含量分别较CK提高136.9%、38.9%、98.2%、66.1%。2020年，−5 kPa处理下，根系、茎、叶、穗轴的磷含量分别较CK提高34.1%、17.2%、13.6%、28.4%；−10 kPa处理下，根系、叶、穗轴的磷含量分别较CK提高30.5%、27.6%、22.6%。与CK相比，−5 kPa处理下，磷偏生产力、磷效率在2019年分别提高38.7%、41.7%，2020年分别提高16.2%、18.8%。抽雄期和成熟期，−5 kPa处理下的土壤全磷含量较CK在2019年分别降低8.1%和10.9%，2020年分别降低5.4%和6.0%；−10 kPa处理与−5 kPa处理间无显著差异，−15 kPa处理与CK间也无显著差异。同样在抽雄期和成熟期，−5 kPa处理下的土壤有效磷含量较CK在2019年分别降低17.6%和36.0%，2020年分别降低19.2%和21.9%；−10 kPa处理与−5 kPa处理间无显著差异。2019年，−15 kPa处理下根际土有效磷含量显著低于CK和−5 kPa处理；2020年成熟期，−15 kPa处理下根际土壤有效磷含量显著低于CK。
结论负压灌溉在−5 kPa 供水压力下促进玉米生长、提高产量和磷吸收效果优于CK、−10 kPa和−15 kPa处理，同时降低根际土全磷和有效磷含量。

Abstract:
Objectives This study explored the influences of negative pressure irrigation on the phosphorus uptake and phosphorus content in various organs of maize, and total phosphorus and available phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficiency of negative pressure water supply.
Methods Negative pressure irrigation pot experiments were conducted in a rain-proof shed at the experimental base of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University in 2019 and 2020 respectively, using maize variety Xianyu 335. Three negative pressure irrigation pressure levels, namely −5 kPa, −10 kPa, and −15 kPa, were established, with conventional irrigation as the control (CK). Plant height, stem diameter, and yield of maize were measured, phosphorus uptake and phosphorus content in various organs at different growth stages were analyzed. Total phosphorus and available phosphorus content in maize rhizosphere soil were also determined.
Results The yield of the −5 kPa treatment was 38.7% and 16.2% higher than that of the CK in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The yield of the −15 kPa treatment was significantly lower than that of the control and the −5 kPa treatment. At the maturity stage, the root, stem, leaf, cob, grain, and whole plant phosphorus uptake of the −5 kPa treatment were 120.8%, 86.6%, 26.4%, 66.9%, 15.2%, and 43.3% higher than those of the CK in 2019, and were 15.4%, 22.4%, 47.0%, 29.7%, 30.0%, and 21.3% higher than those of the CK in 2020, respectively. The phosphorus uptake in the roots, stems, and leaves of the −10 kPa treatment was 47.1%, 53.0%, and 10.7% higher than that of the CK, respectively, in 2019, and the phosphorus uptake in the leaves was 10.1% higher than that of the CK in 2020, while the total phosphorus uptake of other organs was all lower than that of the CK. The phosphorus uptake in various organs and the total phosphorus uptake of the −15 kPa treatment were significantly lower than those of the CK and the −10 kPa treatment. In 2019, the phosphorus content in the root, stem, leaf, bract, and axis of the −5 kPa treatment was 22.4%, 71.8%, 10.1%, 10.0%, and 43.7% higher than that of the CK, respectively. The phosphorus content in the stem, leaf, bract, shaft, and grain of the −10 kPa treatment was 102.8%, 17.9%, 13.8%, 19.8%, and 11.5% higher than that of the CK, and the phosphorus content in the stems, leaves, bracts, and axes of the −15 kPa treatment was 136.9%, 38.9%, 98.2%, and 66.1% higher than that of the CK, respectively. In 2020, the phosphorus content in the roots, stems, leaves, and axes of the −5 kPa treatment was 34.1%, 17.2%, 13.6%, and 28.4% higher than that of the CK, respectively. The phosphorus content in the root system, leaves, and axis of the −10 kPa treatment was 30.5%, 27.6%, and 22.6% higher than that of the CK, respectively. The phosphorus partial productivity and phosphorus efficiency of the −5 kPa treatment were 38.7% and 41.7% higher than those of the CK, respectively, in 2019, and were 16.2% and 18.8% higher than those of the CK, respectively, in 2020. At the tassel stage and maturity stage, the total phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil of the −5 kPa treatment was 8.1% and 10.9% lower than that of the CK in 2019, and was 5.4% and 6.0% lower than that of the CK in 2020. There was no significant difference between the −10 kPa and −5 kPa treatments, and there was no significant difference between the −15 kPa treatment and the CK. When the maize was at the tasseling stage and maturity stage, the soil available phosphorus content in the −5 kPa treatment was 17.6% and 36.0% lower than that of the CK in 2019, and 19.2% and 21.9% lower than that of the CK in 2020, respectively. There was no significant difference between the −10 kPa and −5 kPa treatments. The available phosphorus content in the rhizosphere soil of the −15 kPa treatment was significantly lower than that of the CK and the −5 kPa treatment in 2019, and the −15 kPa treatment was significantly lower than the CK at maturity in 2020.
Conclusions Negative pressure irrigation with −5 kPa water supply pressure has better effects on promoting maize growth, increasing yield and phosphorus uptake than CK, −10 kPa and −15 kPa treatments. At the same time, the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil was reduced.

HTML全文

参考文献(27)

施引文献

资源附件(0)