• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

长期施用磷肥配合玉米花生间作更有效地降低土壤团聚体的溅蚀量

Long-term phosphorus fertilization combied with maize-peanut intercropping synergistically mitigate soil splash erosion

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 研究不同降雨强度下，磷肥施用和玉米-花生间作下土壤团聚体溅蚀特征的影响，为提高土壤稳定性提供施肥和栽培措施。
    方法 2010—2022年，在河南科技大学试验农场，以玉米品种‘郑单958’和花生品种‘花育16’作为试验材料进行了田间试验，设置施用P2O5 0 (P0)和180 kg/hm2 (P180) 两个水平及玉米单作 (SM)、花生单作 (SP) 和玉米−花生间作 (M/P) 3种种植模式共6个处理。2022年10月夏季作物收获后，采集0—20 cm土层土壤样品，对其进行模拟小雨 (0.5 mm/min)、中雨 (1 mm/min)、大雨 (1.5 mm/min)、暴雨 (2 mm/min) 溅蚀试验，在降雨过程中，收集溅蚀团聚体，并在模拟降雨结束后，将所收集的溅蚀团聚体分为六个粒径等级：>2、2～1、1～0.5、0.5～0.25、0.25～0.053和<0.053 mm，分别在105℃下烘干24 h后称重，计算各处理土壤团聚体的平均重量直径 (MWD)、几何平均直径 (GMD)、溅蚀团聚体富集率(ER)、终点速度 (Vi)、降雨动能 (Ers)。
    结果 施磷可以有效降低土壤的溅蚀量，间作相比玉米、花生单作，也可显著降低暴雨下的土壤溅蚀量。与不施磷相比，施磷肥增加了溅蚀土壤0.5～0.25和<0.053 mm粒径团聚体质量占比3.7%和4.7%。不同降雨强度下，6个处理的1～0.5 mm粒径团聚体富集率低于1，0.5～0.25、0.25～0.053 mm粒径团聚体富集率高于1。与单作相比，间作提高了溅蚀土壤团聚体的平均重量直径，但差异不显著(P>0.05)；与不施磷相比，施磷肥显著提高了溅蚀土壤团聚体的平均重量直径。
    结论 长期施用磷肥可显著增加土壤中大、中溅蚀团聚体的质量占比，提升溅蚀团聚体的稳定性，进而显著减少土壤的溅蚀量。配合玉米花生间作提升溅蚀团聚体稳定性的效果更佳。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Research on the effects of phosphorus fertilizer application and maize-peanut intercropping on soil aggregate splash erosion characteristics under different rainfall intensities, to provide fertilization and cultivation measures for improving soil stability.
    Methods From 2010 to 2022, field trials were conducted at the experimental farm of Henan University of Science and Technology using the maize variety 'Zhengdan 958' and peanut variety 'Huayu 16' as experimental materials. Two application levels of P2O5 (P0) and 180 kg/hm2 (P180) were set, along with three planting patterns: maize monoculture (SM), peanut monoculture (SP), and maize-peanut intercropping (M/P), totaling six treatments. After the summer crop harvest in October 2022, soil samples from the 0-20 cm soil layer were collected and subjected to simulated rainfall erosion tests of light rain (0.5 mm/min), moderate rain (1 mm/min), heavy rain (1.5 mm/min), and torrential rain (2 mm/min). During the rainfall process, the eroded aggregates were collected, and after the simulated rainfall ended, the collected eroded aggregates were divided into six particle size grades: >2, 2−1, 1−0.5, 0.5−0.25, 0.25−0.053, and <0.053 mm. After being dried at 105℃ for 24 hours, the weights of each treatment’s soil aggregates were measured, and the average weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), enrichment rate of eroded aggregates (ER), terminal velocity (Vi), and rainfall kinetic energy (Ers) were calculated.
    Results The application of phosphorus can effectively reduce the amount of soil splash erosion, and intercropping can also significantly reduce the amount of soil splash erosion under torrential rain compared with maize and peanut monoculture. Compared with no phosphorus fertilizer, the application of phosphorus fertilizer increased the mass percentage of soil aggregates with particle size of 0.5−0.25 mm and <0.053 mm by 3.7% and 4.7% respectively. The enrichment rate of 1−0.5 mm aggregate was lower than 1,0.5−0.25 mm and 0.25−0.053 mm aggregate was higher than 1 under different rainfall intensity. Compared with monoculture, intercropping increased the average weight diameter of soil aggregates, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Compared with no phosphorus fertilizer, the average weight diameter of soil aggregates was significantly increased by applying phosphorus fertilizer.
    Conclusions Long-term application of phosphorus fertilizer can significantly increase the mass proportion of large and medium splash-eroded aggregates in the soil, enhance the stability of splash-eroded aggregates, and thereby significantly reduce soil splash erosion. When combined with maize-peanut intercropping, the effect on enhancing the stability of splash-eroded aggregates is further improved.

     

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