• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

根际促生菌协同豆科绿肥提升旱地冬小麦生产力

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria synergize with leguminous green manure crops to enhance winter wheat productivity in drylands

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 系统研究植物根际促生菌——贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对豆科绿肥(黑麦豆)生长及其对后茬冬小麦生长、产量和养分吸收的影响，旨在探索提升旱地绿肥生态表现力及冬小麦生产力的综合技术途径。
    方法 以黑麦豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)为研究对象，结合室内盆栽和大田实验，分析不同植物根际促生菌菌剂下黑麦豆生长特征，及对后茬冬小麦生长、光合特性和生理特征的影响，筛选适宜旱地推广应用的黑麦豆+植物根际促生菌组合。
    结果 1)施用贝莱斯芽孢杆菌具有提升黑麦豆绿肥生物量并促进根系生长发育的效果，其中在盆栽试验中，较对照根系参数根体积、根直径和根尖数分别显著提升314%、28%和129%；2)贝莱斯芽孢杆菌通过促进黑麦豆根系生长发育，进而提升固氮能力，提高绿肥氮还田量；3)黑麦豆配施贝莱斯芽孢杆菌处理下冬小麦灌浆期叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度及胞间CO2浓度均较对照表现出提升趋势；4)黑麦豆配施贝莱斯芽孢杆菌有效促进后茬冬小麦生长(冬小麦基本苗、冬季分蘖数和春季总茎数)，最终有利于籽粒产量形成和养分吸收，其中小麦吸磷量较对照显著提升23.5%。
    结论 豆科绿肥协同植物根际促生菌——贝莱斯芽孢杆菌能够促进黑麦豆和冬小麦生长，提升冬小麦的光合特性，增加其籽粒产量和养分吸收，有利于提升豆科绿肥的生态表现力，为旱地绿色农业高质量发展提供科学依据和技术支撑。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives This study systematically investigated the effects of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Bacillus velezensis on the growth of the leguminous green manure crop (black beans) and on the growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of the subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The aim was to explore an integrated approach for enhancing the ecological performance of green manure crops and the productivity of winter wheat in drylands.
    Methods Pot and field experiments were conducted to evaluate black beans growth under different PGPR inoculation treatments. The effects of different PGPRs on the growth, photosynthetic parameters, and physiological traits of the subsequent winter wheat were assessed.
    Results 1) Application of Bacillus velezensis increased the biomass of black beans green manure and enhanced root growth and development. In the pot experiment, root parameters root volume, root diameter, and number of root tips increased significantly by 314%, 28%, and 129%, respectively, compared to the control. 2) Bacillus velezensis inoculation improved the N uptake capacity of the leguminous green manure by promoting its root development, consequently increasing the amount of N returned to the soil. 3) Under the combined application of black beans and Bacillus velezensis, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration in winter wheat leaves at the grain filling stage showed an increasing trend compared to the control. 4) The combined application of black beans with Bacillus velezensis effectively promoted winter wheat growth (including basic seedlings, winter tiller number, and total spring stems of winter wheat), ultimately enhancing grain yield formation and nutrient uptake. In particular, phosphorus uptake by wheat showed a significant increase of 23.5% compared to the control.
    Conclusions The synergistic application of leguminous green manure crops with PGPR significantly enhanced black beans and winter wheat growth, improved photosynthetic performance, and increased grain yield and nutrient uptake. This approach effectively elevates the ecological benefits of leguminous green manure crops, and provides scientific basis and technical support for advancing high-quality green agriculture in drylands.

     

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