• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

耕作方式与氮肥用量互作对旱地小麦产量及品的协同调控效应

Synergistic regulation effect of tillage-nitrogen interaction on grain yield and quality of dryland wheat

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 研究耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响，旨在提出一种最优的耕作方式与氮肥施用量的组合方案。
    方法 于2020—2022年在黄土高原和黄淮海平原交汇处典型旱作麦区的河南省洛阳市孟津区、伊川县和洛宁县进行三地田间试验。三地试验均采用裂区设计，耕作方式为主处理和氮肥用量为副处理。耕作方式分别为旋耕(RT)、翻耕(PT)和深松(SS)；氮肥用量分别为N 0、120、180和240 kg/hm2四个水平，标记为N0、N120、N180和N240。小麦成熟后，测定籽粒产量、锌含量、蛋白及其组分含量和加工品质。
    结果 耕作方式和氮肥用量及二者互作多可显著影响小麦产量和品质。相同氮投入量下，SS处理的小麦产量和籽粒锌含量较RT分别显著增加6.3%～25.4%和10.7%～21.5%，较PT分别显著增加3.9%～11.3%和3.7%～24.1%，且增幅随着氮肥用量的增加而增加，2021—2022年度产量的增幅高于2020—2021年度。与RT和PT相比，SS的三地平均蛋白质组分含量和加工品质均显著提高。随着氮肥用量的增加，3种耕作方式下的小麦产量、籽粒锌含量、蛋白质组分含量和加工品质均表现为先增加后稳定的趋势，N180和N240处理无显著差异，二者显著高于N120处理。除2020—2021年度洛宁的最大阻力外，SSN180处理的小麦产量和品质与SSN240处理相比均无显著差异。
    结论 深松配施N 180 kg/hm2可在提高产量的同时兼顾营养和加工品质，适合在旱地小麦生产中推广应用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives This study investigated the effects of different tillage practices and nitrogen (N) application rates on grain yield and quality of dryland wheat, aiming to propose an optimum combination of tillage method and nitrogen rate.
    Methods Field experiments for winter wheat with split-plot design were conducted across 2020-2022 in Mengjin District, Yichuan County and Luoning County of Luoyang city, Henan Province, where is a typical dryland wheat production region located at the junction of the Loess Plateau and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. The main plots were three tillage practices, including rotary tillage (RT), plow tillage (PT), and subsoiling (SS). The subplots were four N application ratess: 0, 120, 180, and 240 kg/hm2, which refers to N0, N120, N180, and N240, respectively. At maturity stage of wheat, the grain yield were investigated, and the content,of Zn, protein and protein components in grains, as well as the processing quality of grains were measured.
    Results Tillage practice, N application rate and their interaction significantly influenced wheat yield and quality in most cases. Under the same N application rate, SS treatments were recorded the highest average wheat yield and grain Zn content, which was 6.3%–25.4% and 10.7%–21.5% higher than in RT treatments, and 3.9%-11.3% and 3.7%–24.1% higher than PT treatments, and the increases were more pronounced with the increase of N application rates. Furthermore, the SS-induced yield increase was higher in 2021–2022 than that in 2020–2021. Compared to RT and PT, SS significantly increased the contents of total protein and protein components and the processing quality indices on average of the three experimental sites. With the increase of N application rates, the wheat yield, grain Zn content, the contents of total protein and protein components, and the processing quality increased initially and then stabilized under all the three tillage practices. Except for the globulin content at Yichuan in 2021–2022, N180 and N240 showed similar and significantly higher yield and quality than N120. Further more, SSN180 exhibited similar yield and quality with SSN240, except for the maximum resistance at Luoning in 2020-2021.
    Conclusions Subsoiling combined with N application rate of 180 kg/hm2 is a suitable combination for high yield and nutritional and procession quality of dryland wheat production.

     

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