• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

优化栽培施肥技术改善麦-玉轮作系统土壤结构降低温室气体排放

Optimized management practices decreases greenhouse emissions by improving soil aggregation structure in a wheat-maize rotation system

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 研究不同水肥管理模式对华北平原麦−玉轮作体系下土壤团聚结构、孔隙度以及温室气体排放的影响，解析温室气体排放对土壤团聚结构的响应特征，进而揭示水肥管理调控温室气体产生与排放的理化机制。
    方法 于2022—2024年，在河北省邯郸市曲周县开展连续麦−玉轮作田间试验，共设5个处理，分别为传统栽培和施肥对照(CK)、四密一稀种植+浅埋滴灌水肥一体化(Y1)、Y1处理增施微生物菌剂(Y2)、Y1处理增施生物有机肥(Y3)和Y1处理增施土壤调理剂(Y4)，监测温室气体(N2O、CO2及CH4)排放速率、耕层土壤团聚体及土壤孔隙结构等指标。
    结果 相较于CK处理，Y1处理使温室气体排放强度降低了21.21%，团聚体平均重量直径提升了17.59%，土壤孔隙度提高了29.38%。添加功能性肥料处理(Y2、Y3和Y4)能够进一步改善土壤结构，同时降低温室气体排放强度(GHGI)。与Y1处理相比，Y2、Y3和Y4处理的土壤团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)与几何平均直径(GMD)分别平均提升了25.82%、29.07%，孔隙度平均提升了10.46%，温室气体排放强度平均降低了21.15%，且Y2、Y3和Y4处理之间无显著差异。相关分析表明，土壤孔隙度、分形维数及孔隙密度与粒径>2 mm和1—2 mm的团聚体含量呈显著正相关。提高土壤大团聚体占比，能够通过改善土壤孔隙结构和通气性来缓解农田温室气体排放，进而降低华北平原麦−玉轮作体系的GHGI。
    结论 华北平原麦−玉轮作体系中，采用四密一稀种植+浅埋滴灌水肥一体化可同时实现减水、节肥、增产，在此基础上配施功能性肥料，特别是生物有机肥料，可进一步显著提高土壤团聚体稳定性，改善土壤通气性，缓解农田温室气体排放，因此，该管理技术组合是华北地区的优化栽培施肥模式。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The effects of different irrigation and fertilization management practices on soil aggregation structure, soil pore characteristics, and greenhouse gas emissions were studied in a wheat−maize rotation system in the North China Plain, aiming to reveal the physicochemical mechanisms underlying the regulation of greenhouse gas production and emissions by water and fertilizer management.
    Methods A field experiment was conducted in Quzhou County, Handan City, Hebei Province, from 2022 to 2024. Five treatments were established: conventional fertilization (CK); four-dense-one-sparse planting with shallow-buried drip fertigation (Y1); Y1 supplemented with a microbial agent (Y2); Y1 supplemented with bio-organic fertilizer (Y3); and Y1 supplemented with a soil conditioner (Y4). Greenhouse gas (N2O, CO2, and CH4) fluxes, topsoil aggregate composition, and soil pore structure were monitored.
    Results Compared with CK, the Y1 treatment reduced greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) by 21.21%, increased the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates by 17.59%, and improved soil porosity by 29.38%. The application of functional fertilizers (Y2, Y3, and Y4) further improved soil structure and reduced GHGI. Compared with Y1, the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates under Y2, Y3, and Y4 treatments increased by 25.82% and 29.07% on average, while soil porosity increased by 10.46% and GHGI decreased by 21.15%. No significant differences were observed among Y2, Y3, and Y4. Correlation analysis showed that soil porosity, fractal dimension, and pore density were significantly and positively correlated with the proportion of >2 mm and 1−2 mm aggregates. Enhancing the proportion of large aggregates mitigated greenhouse gas emissions from croplands by improving soil pore structure and aeration, thereby reducing the GHGI in the wheat-maize rotation system of the North China Plain.
    Conclusion In the wheat−maize rotation system of the North China Plain, the management strategy of combining four-dense-one-sparse planting with shallow-buried drip fertigation can simultaneously achieve water saving, fertilizer saving, and yield increase. Based on this, the application of functional fertilizers, especially bio-organic fertilizer, can further significantly enhance soil aggregate stability, improve soil aeration, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, this combination of management techniques represents an optimized cultivation and fertilization model for the North China region.

     

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