• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

膨果肥配施氮素抑制剂降低土壤表观硝化率并提高桃产量与品质

Co-application of nitrafication inhibitor and fruit swelling fertilizer reduces soil apparent nitrification rate and increases peach yield and quality

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 施用氮素抑制剂以提高桃产量和品质已成为当前桃生产的一个重要农艺措施。本文比较了优化施肥基础上施用硝化抑制剂和脲酶抑制剂对桃园土壤氮素转化的影响，以及提高桃产量和果实品质的效果。
    方法 首先采用北京平谷桃园土壤开展室内培养试验。室内土壤培养试验设置5个处理，分别为不添加尿素对照以及只添加尿素和添加尿素的同时，添加硝化抑制剂DMPP、脲酶抑制剂NBPT、同时添加DMPP和NBPT。测定60天内不同培养时间土壤中的速效氮和表观硝化率。于2023-2024年在北京平谷开展2年桃施肥田间试验，设置4个处理，分别为：常规施彭果肥对照(CF)以及施膨果肥基础上，配合DMPP、NBPT、DMPP+NBPT，测定了收获期桃产量、品质和土壤无机氮含量。
    结果 室内土壤培养试验表明，DMPP可显著抑制NH4+-N转化，在第3天铵态氮达到峰值，且在整个培养过程中，与尿素处理相比，显著增加土壤铵态氮含量，降低土壤表观硝化率；NBPT在果园土中可将尿素水解推迟至12天，到第15天铵态氮浓度达到峰值，与尿素处理相比，在培养前期显著提高土壤表观硝化率，培养后期土壤铵态氮含量低于DMPP处理且土壤表观硝化率显著高于DMPP处理。田间试验结果表明，相较于CF处理，DMPP处理2023年桃产量达到45.62 kg/hm2，增幅达11.2%，单果重显著提高9.2%，2024年桃产量为65.82 kg/hm2，增幅为18.2%，单果重提高17.6%；NBPT、DMPP+NBPT处理提高果实产量和单果重的效果低于DMPP处理。2023年和2024年，相比于CF对照，DMPP处理的桃纵径分别提升4.6%和6.8%，桃维生素C含量分别显著提高76.3%和9.8%，桃横径在2024年较农户常规施肥提高5.6%；DMPP+NBPT处理的桃可溶性固形物含量分别提升27.9%和26.5%；DMPP处理2023年桃硬度显著增加22.2%。
    结论 硝化抑制剂DMPP能显著抑制桃园土壤铵态氮转化，使其在土壤中保持较高水平。两年田间试验均证明，膨果肥配施DMPP可显著提高桃产量，单果重，纵径，同时提高土壤硝态氮浓度；彭果肥配施NBPT或与DMPP混施也可提高桃产量和单果重，但效果不及单施DMPP。因此，膨果肥配合硝化抑制剂是北京平谷提高桃产量和品种的适宜组合措施。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Application of nitrogen fertilizer inhibitors has become one of important measurements for increasing yield and quality of peaches. This paper compared the effects of the sole and combined application of two kinds of nitrogen fertilizer inhibitors.
    Methods A soil incubation experiment was firstly carried out to investigate the effects of nitrification inhibitors (DMPP) and urease inhibitor (NBPT),on inorganic N content and apparent nitrification rate in peach orchard soil. The soil incubation experiment included 5 treatments, not adding urea (CK), adding urea (U), adding urea as well as adding DMPP, NBPT, and both DMPP and NBPT. The soil inorganic nitrogen concentrations were regularly tested during the 60 day’s incubation period. Subsequently, a two-year peach field experiment was conducted in Pinggu of Beijing from 2023 to 2024. Four treatments were setup, including: fruit swelling fertilizer alone (CF), and fruit swelling fertilizer combined with DMPP, NBPT, and both, respectively. The peach yield, quality, and soil inorganic nitrogen concentrations were measured at harvest of peaches.
    Results In the soil incubation experiment, DMPP significantly inhibited the conversion of NH4+-N to NO3−-N. On the third day of incubation, the NH4+-N content reached its peak and maintained higher levels throughout the entire cultivation process, compared with U treatment, leading to reduced soil apparent nitrification rate; NBPT treatment delayed the hydrolysis of urea in orchard soil until 12 days, the NH4+-N content reached its peak by the 15th day, and was recorded significantly higher apparent nitrification rate of soil in the early stage of cultivation, relative to U treatment. In the later stage, DBPT was recorded lower soil NH4+-N content, and higher soil apparent nitrification rate, relative to that of DMPP treatment. In 2023, the DMPP treatment produced a peach yield of 45.62 kg/hm2, the yield was 11.2% higher, and the single fruit weight was 9.2% higher than that of CF, respectively. In 2024, the peach yield was 65.82 kg/hm2, with a yield increase of 18.2%, and a single fruit weight elevation of 17.6%. The effects of NBPT or DMPP + NBPT treatments in increasing fruit yield and individual fruit weight were not as good as those of DMPP treatment. In 2023 and 2024, DMPP increased the longitudinal diameter of peaches by 4.6% and 6.8%, the vitamin C content of peaches by 76.3% and 9.8%, and the transverse diameter of peaches in 2024 by 5.6%, compared with the CF treatment. The soluble solid content of peaches in the PGF+DMPP+NBPT treatment increased by 27.9% and 26.5% respectively. The PGF+DMPP treatment significantly increased the hardness of peaches by 22.2% in 2023.
    Conclusions Application of DMPP kept a relatively high soil NH4+-N level through inhibiting its transformation to nitrate nitrogen, Co-application of fruit swelling fertilizer with DMPP outperformed co-applicaiton with NBPT or DMPP and NBPT in the peach yield and quality improvement, so DMPP is recommended for the peach production of Beijing

     

    • HTML全文
    • 参考文献(51)
    • 相关文章
    • 施引文献
  • 资源附件(0)

/

返回文章
返回