• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

松嫩平原盐碱地土壤调理剂研制及其培肥促生效果

Development of soil amendment for saline-alkali soil in the Songnen Plain and its effects on soil fertility and plant growth

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 筛选并构建适用于松嫩平原盐碱土壤改良的复合菌剂，探究其与腐植酸耦合施用对提升土壤肥力及促进水稻生长的效果，为盐碱地改良提供一种有效的土壤调理剂。
    方法 从吉林省大安市水稻盐碱耕层土壤中分离筛选功能菌株，结合其生长特性，对产酸能力较强的菌株进行16S rRNA或18S rRNA鉴定，将无拮抗作用的菌株构建成复合菌剂，并通过土壤培养与成苗试验、盆栽试验及田间试验验证其培肥与促生效果。土壤培养与成苗试验设置4个处理：1) CK，无菌剂；2) B，菌剂B-3 (Staphylococcus xylosus)；3) F，菌剂F-1 (Aspergillus niger)；4) BF，复合菌剂B-3 (Staphylococcus xylosus)与F-1 (Aspergillus niger)。培养30天后，测定土壤pH和电导率(EC)值以及水稻株高、主根长、鲜重和干重。将效果较好的复合菌剂与腐植酸耦合进行盆栽试验。盆栽试验设置无添加(CK)、腐植酸(HA)、复合菌剂(BF)、复合菌剂+腐植酸(HB) 4个处理，于水稻分蘖期测定3次株高和分蘖数，收获后测定土壤理化性质和每盆水稻产量。田间效果验证试验设置无添加(CK)和复合菌剂+腐植酸(HB) 2个处理，收获后测定水稻产量。
    结果 从盐碱土壤中分离筛选出4株耐盐碱细菌(B-1、B-3、B-7、B-8)和4株耐盐碱真菌(F-1、F-5、F-6、F-12)。这8株菌株在pH 12、NaCl浓度200 g/L的培养基上仍能生长。菌株生长特性、产酸和拮抗试验表明，细菌和真菌产酸能力最强的分别是菌株B-3和F-1，且两者无拮抗作用，可构建复合菌剂。经鉴定，B-3为木糖葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus xylosus)，F-1为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。土壤培养与成苗试验中，与CK相比，BF、F和B处理土壤pH值分别降低0.47、0.28和0.16个单位；BF和F处理土壤EC值分别降低17.5%和9.4%；BF处理株高增加26.8%，BF、F和B处理每盆(5株)鲜重分别增加45.1%、25.1%和12.3%，每盆(5株)干重分别增加41.5%、24.6%和13.8%。盆栽试验中，与CK相比，HB和HA处理土壤有机质含量分别增加7.5%和4.3%，全氮含量分别增加14.9%和10.6%；HB、HA和BF处理土壤pH值分别降低1.01、0.66和0.43个单位，水溶性全盐含量分别降低22.9%、18.1%和8.3%。最后一次株高和分蘖数测定结果表明，与CK相比，HA和HB处理株高分别提高10.4%和5.3%，分蘖数分别增加18.9%和22.6%，HB、HA和BF处理水稻产量分别提高29.2%、14.2%和9.1%。田间效果验证试验结果表明，与CK相比，HB处理水稻产量提高18.6%。
    结论 由B-3 (Staphylococcus xylosus)和F-1 (Aspergillus niger)构建的复合菌剂与腐植酸耦合形成的土壤调理剂，对盐碱地改良效果显著，具有良好的应用潜力。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives This study aimed to screen and construct a compound microbial agent suitable for the remediation of saline-alkali soils in the Songnen Plain, and to investigate the effect of its combination with humic acid on improving soil fertility and promoting rice growth, thereby providing an effective soil amendment for saline-alkali land improvement.
    Methods Functional strains were isolated and screened from saline-alkali paddy soil in Da’an City, Jilin Province. Strains with strong acid-producing ability were identified via 16S rRNA or 18S rRNA gene sequencing after preliminary evaluation of their physiological and growth characteristics‌. Non-antagonistic strains were combined into a compound microbial agent. The effects of the agent on soil fertility and plant growth were evaluated through a soil incubation and seedling growth test, pot experiment, and field trial. In the soil incubation and seedling establishment tests, four treatments were set: 1) CK, no microbial agent, 2) B, microbial agent B-3 (Staphylococcus xylosus), 3) F, microbial agent F-1 (Aspergillus niger), 4) BF, compound microbial agent B-3 (Staphylococcus xylosus) and F-1 (Aspergillus niger). After 30 days, soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values, as well as rice plant height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight were measured. In the pot experiment, the compound microbial agent was applied together with humic acid. Four treatments were designed: no application (CK), humic acid (HA), compound microbial agent (BF), and compound microbial agent+humic acid (HB). Rice plant height and tiller number were measured three times during the tillering stage. Soil physicochemical properties and rice yield were determined after harvest. In the field trial, two treatments were compared: no application (CK) and compound microbial agent+humic acid (HB). Rice yield was measured after harvest.
    Results Four salt tolerant bacteria strains (B-1, B-3, B-7, B-8) and four salt tolerant fungi strains (F-1, F-5, F-6, F-12) were isolated and screened from saline-alkali soil. All eight strains could still grow on the medium at pH 12 with 200 g/L NaCl. Subsequent assessments of‌ growth characteristics, acid-producing performance, and inter-strain antagonism tests showed that B-3 and F-1 presented the strongest acid-producing capacity among the tested bacteria and fungi, respectively, and no antagonistic interaction was detected between the two strains, confirming their suitability for formulation into a compatible compound microbial agent. The two strains were further identified as Staphylococcus xylosus and Aspergillus niger, respectively. In the soil incubation and seeding establishment tests, compared with CK, soil pH values under BF, F, and B treatments decreased by 0.47, 0.28, and 0.16 units, respectively; EC values under BF and F treatments decreased by 17.5% and 9.4%, respectively. Plant height under BF increased by 26.8%; fresh weight of five plants under BF, F, and B treatments increased by 45.1%, 25.1%, and 12.3%; and dry weight of five plants increased by 41.5%, 24.6%, and 13.8%, respectively. In the pot experiment, compared with CK, soil organic matter content under HB and HA treatments increased by 7.5% and 4.3%, respectively, while total nitrogen content increased by 14.9% and 10.6%, respectively. Soil pH under HB, HA and BF treatments decreased by 1.01, 0.66, and 0.43 units, respectively, and water-soluble total salt content decreased by 22.9%, 18.1%, and 8.3%, respectively. Final measurements showed that plant height under HA and HB treatments increased by 10.4% and 5.3%, respectively; tiller number increased by 18.9% and 22.6%, respectively; and rice yield under HB, HA, and BF increased by 29.2%, 14.2%, and 9.1%, respectively. In the field trial, rice yield under HB treatment increased by 18.6% compared with CK.
    Conclusions The soil amendment formed by combining the compound microbial agent consisting of strains B-3 (Staphylococcus xylosus) and F-1 (Aspergillus niger) with humic acid exhibits significant improvement effects on soda saline-alkali soil properties and rice productivity‌, and presents great application potential.

     

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