• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S

适当增加种植密度提高春玉米冠层钾素的吸收运转和对籽粒的贡献率

Promoting leaf K uptake, export and contribution to yield of spring maize through increasing planting density in Xinjiang

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 种植密度与钾素营养是影响春玉米产量和品质的重要因素，探索种植密度与钾素吸收转运的关系，为实现新疆密植玉米高产、高效、优质提供理论基础。
    方法 于2015、2016年在新疆伊犁新源县开展大田试验，裂区试验设计，品种为主区，密度为副区。试验材料为2个具有高产潜力且在当地玉米产区适应性广的杂交品种先玉335和郑单958。设置2个密度水平，分别为大田常规栽培密度(M1，60000 株/hm2)和高密度(M2，120000 株/hm2)，于吐丝期和成熟期取样测定春玉米不同器官的干物质量和钾素含量，计算钾素在冠层叶片、茎杆中积累量与转运率，分析其与产量和产量构成因子的相关性。
    结果 合理增加种植密度对两个春玉米品种均有显著的增产效果，2015和2016年高种植密度下先玉335籽粒产量分别较常规密度下提高了54.86%、30.97%，郑单958籽粒产量分别提高了36.86%、23.94%。提高种植密度，春玉米冠层叶片、茎秆钾素转运量、转运率和对籽粒的贡献率也随之增加。叶位不同，叶片钾素积累量也不一样，最高钾素积累量在穗位(D7、D8)叶以及穗位下叶片(D9)，茎杆钾素积累量从冠层顶部到基部逐渐增加。D7、D8、D9位叶及相应茎节的钾素积累量与产量和有效穗数呈显著正相关，与穗粒数和千粒重呈显著负相关。吐丝期玉米中下部叶片钾积累量与产量显著相关，成熟期与产量显著相关的叶片叶位和茎节上移。
    结论 吐丝期春玉米穗位及穗下附近叶片和茎节的钾素积累量对产量的影响较显著。合理增加种植密度能显著提高春玉米群体钾素积累量，有助于春玉米群体冠层叶片和茎杆的钾素吸收、积累与转运，最大限度地激发群体的增产潜力，进而提高春玉米产量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Planting density and potassium (K) are critical factors influencing the yield and quality of spring maize. Exploring the relationship between planting density and K absorption and transfer will provide a theoretical foundation for achieving high yield and quality of maize in Xinjiang.
    Methods Field experiments with a split-plot experimental design were conducted in Xinyuan County of Xinjiang in 2015 and 2016. The main factor was maize cultivar and subplot factor was planting density. The two cultivars, Xianyu 335 and Zhengdan 958, were high-yielding hybrid cultivars and adapted to the local maize-growing climate. The planting density levels were conventional 60000 plants/hm2 (M1) and high density 120000 plants/hm2 (M2). At silking and maturity stages, the canopy leaves and stem nods of spring maize were sampled for determination of dry matter and potassium content. The accumulation and transfer characteristics of K were calculated afterwards.
    Results Compared with M1, high planting density (M2) significantly increased yield of both cultivars, with the yield increases of 54.86% and 30.97% for Xianyu 335, and 36.86% and 23.94% for Zhengdan 958 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. M2 enhanced the K export amount and rate of canopy leaves and stem nods, and raised their contribution rates to grain yields. The K accumulation were higher in ear leaves (D7, D8) and the leaf beneath (D9). The K accumulation in stem segments gradually increased from top to base of the canopy. The K accumulation in D7, D8, and D9 leaves and stem segments was positively correlated with yield and effective panicle number, and negatively correlated with grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight. And the correlation was closer at silking stage than at maturing stage.
    Conclusions The potassium accumulation in the ear and adjacent leaves and stem nodes significantly influence the yield of spring maize. High density will promote the K accumulation, and the export amount and rate of potassium of leaves and stem nodes, as well as their contribution rates to grain yields, and maximize the potential for yield increase.

     

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