麦-豆和麦/玉/豆体系中大豆的磷肥增产增效作用研究

周涛; 徐开未; 王科; 黄蔚; 张朝春; 陈远学

doi:10.11674/zwyf.2015.0207

麦-豆和麦/玉/豆体系中大豆的磷肥增产增效作用研究

1.
四川农业大学资源环境学院,四川成都 611130;
2.
中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金重大国际(地方)合作项目(31210103906),国家现代农业玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-24)资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
周涛(1987—)，男，四川遂宁人，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤肥力和植物营养研究。E-mail:364462907@qq.com

中图分类号: S344.2;S565.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-01-19
- 修回日期: 2014-05-26
- 刊出日期: 2015-03-24

Effect of phosphate fertilizer on the improvement of yieldand nutrient use efficiency of soybean in wheat-soybean and wheat/maize/soybean systems

1.
College of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu Sichuan 611130,China;
2.
College of Resource and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China

摘要

摘要: 【目的】小麦/玉米/大豆旱地三熟模式是我国西南山丘区的主要旱作耕作模式，大豆作为该体系中改善土壤环境的核心作物，明确其增产、增效作用，可指导该体系的科学管理。【方法】于2012、2013年连续2年进行田间试验，采用小麦-大豆(单作)和小麦/玉米/大豆(套作)两种体系，设置5个不同磷水平处理 (SP1、SP2、SP3、SP4、SP5 )，调查了大豆在与玉米共生期和玉米收获后的生物量变化，以及收获期籽粒产量、全株养分含量和养分利用效率的差异。【结果】1)玉米收获前大豆植株地上部生长率，单作为1.52 g/(m2·d)，套作为1.18 g/(m2·d)，单作比套作高28.8%;玉米收获后，大豆植株地上部生长率，单作为4.15 g/(m2·d)，套作为5.60 g/(m2·d)，套作显著高于单作34.9%。2) 大豆籽粒产量套作平均比单作高20.3%。单作、套作大豆籽粒产量均随土壤磷含量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势，2年平均产量最高均在SP4处理，套作为2923 kg/hm2，单作为2400 kg/hm2。SP4处理产量与SP2和SP3差异不显著，与SP1和SP5差异显著。 3)收获期大豆籽粒氮、磷、钾含量套作高于单作，茎、荚含量套作低于单作;各部位的氮含量随土壤磷含量的增加先增高后降低，磷、钾含量有随土壤磷含量的增加而增加的趋势。4)小麦+大豆种植带的植株氮、钾积累量，套作体系明显高于轮作体系，且随土壤磷含量的增加先增加后减少。5)小麦+大豆种植带磷肥当季利用率随土壤磷含量的增加而逐渐减小，SP2、SP3、SP4、SP5处理套作体系比单作体系分别高44.6%、74.9%、66.9%、109.5%，平均高74.0%。【结论】套作大豆相比单作大豆具有产量和营养优势，套作大豆茎、荚氮、磷、钾养分相比单作大豆可更多地向籽粒转运，大幅提高其对磷肥当季利用效率。合理施用磷肥也可提高大豆产量。
- 大豆 /
- 套作 /
- 轮作 /
- 磷 /
- 产量 /
- 养分利用效率
Abstract: 【Objectives】 The wheat/maize/soybean intercropping system has become the mainly farming mode in the hilly area of southwest China. Soybean, as the core of the intercropping system, should be researched on its higher yield and efficiency for the scientific management of the system. 【Methods】 A two-years’ field investigation was conducted in the long-term experiment of intercropping system for the comparison of the growth of soybean grown in the wheat/maize/soybean intercropping (IS) and rotation systems (SS). The biomass accumulation and grain yield, nutrient content and nutrient utilization efficiency in the harvest stage were measured in the two systems.【Results】 1)The dry matter accumulation rate (DMAR) of soybeans in IS was significantly lower than in SS before maize harvest, with respective value of 1.18 g/(m2·d) in IS and 1.52 g/(m2·d) in SS; the DMAR in IS became higher than in SS after maize harvest with value of 5.60 g/(m2·d) in IS and 4.15 g/(m2·d) in SS. 2) Soybean grain yield was affected by the soil available P contents. The highest yield was in treatment SP4 (in IS was 2923 kg/ha, in SS was 2400 kg/ha), which was significantly higher than in SP1 and SP5, but not significantly than in SP2 and SP3. The yield in IS was 20.3% higher than in SS. 3) The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in soybean grain in IS was higher than those in SS, those in stems and pods in IS were lower than in SS. The phosphorus and potassium contents in soybean plants were increased with the increase of soil available P, nitrogen contents was increased first and then decreased with the highest N contents in treatment SP4. 4) Nitrogen and potassium accumulation of the planting strip of wheat and soybean plants (WSPS) in IS were significantly higher than in SS, and decreased after the first increasing with the increase of soil available phosphorus. 5) Although the P fertilizer use efficiency (PUF) of WSPS gradually decreased with the increased soil available P contents, PUF of WSPS in IS were always higher than in SS in the same P inputs,as from P2 to P5 those in IS were 44.6%, 74.9%, 66.9% and 109.5% higher than in SS. 【Conclusions】 Compared with in wheat-soybean rotation, soybeen in wheat/maize/soybean intercropping shows yield and nutritional advantage. In the intercropping system, more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are transported from pods and stems to seeds,leading to higher yield and nutrient use efficiency.
- soybean /
- relay-intercropping /
- rotation /
- phosphorus /
- yield /
- nutrition use efficiency

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参考文献(1)

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文章访问数: 3678
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麦-豆和麦/玉/豆体系中大豆的磷肥增产增效作用研究

作者简介: 周涛(1987—)，男，四川遂宁人，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤肥力和植物营养研究。E-mail:364462907@qq.com

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出版历程

Effect of phosphate fertilizer on the improvement of yieldand nutrient use efficiency of soybean in wheat-soybean and wheat/maize/soybean systems

期刊类型引用(12)

其他类型引用(10)

计量

出版历程

目录

作者简介:
周涛(1987—)，男，四川遂宁人，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤肥力和植物营养研究。E-mail:364462907@qq.com