Leaf economic and hydraulic traits and their correlation under varying nitrogen and water supplies in maize

XU Hui-min; CAI Ming-lei; LI Yang-yang

doi:10.11674/zwyf.19105

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers > 2020 > 26(2): 223-232. > DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19105

XU Hui-min, CAI Ming-lei, LI Yang-yang. Leaf economic and hydraulic traits and their correlation under varying nitrogen and water supplies in maize[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(2): 223-232. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19105

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Leaf economic and hydraulic traits and their correlation under varying nitrogen and water supplies in maize

1.
College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
2.
Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

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Received Date: March 24, 2019
Accepted Date: May 15, 2019
Available Online: March 06, 2020

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Objectives
The variation and tradeoff of leaf economic and hydraulic traits are the strategy of plant adapting to environment, which is the base of constructing water-carbon modeling. The variation and correlation between leaf economic and hydraulic traits as well as their association with plant performance under different N and water supplies in maize were studied, aiming to elucidate the relationship between leaf economic and hydraulic traits in response to different nutrient and water availabilities at the intraspecific level, and evaluate the possibility of using these leaf traits to predict whole plant biomass and water use.
Methods
A pot experiment with completely randomized two-factor-three level design was conducted. The three levels of urea application were no N (N₀), N 0.2 g/kg dry soil before planting (N₁), and N 0.2 g/kg dry soil before planting and during 5-leaf stage (0.4 g N in total, N₂); the three watering levels were adequate irrigation (W₂), moderate water stress (W₁) and severe water stress (W₀), the corresponding soil moisture in W₂, W₁ and W₀ treatments was 75%–80%, 50%–55% and 30%–35% of field capacity, and lasted about 3 weeks. The measured leaf economic traits involved leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf thickness (LT), tissue density (TD), mass-based N content (N_mass) and area-based N content (N_area); the measured hydraulic traits included vein density (VD), stomatal density (SD), stomatal length (SL) and maximum stomatal conductance to water (g_wmax).
Results
N fertilizer significantly increased LMA, N_mass, N_area, VD, SD, SL and g_wmax (P < 0.05), and irrigation significantly increased LMA, TD and N_area (P < 0.05). LMA and TD were larger under W₂ than under W₀ in all the three N levels, but SD and g_wmax were larger in W₂ than W₀ treatment only under N₀ and N₁ levels, and lower in W₂ than W₀ treatment under N₂ level, the interactions of nitrogen and water on LMA, TD, SD and g_wmax were significant (P < 0.05). Leaf economic traits were closely coupled with hydraulic traits, in details, N_mass were positively correlated with SD and g_wmax, N_area was positively correlated with g_wmax (P < 0.05). The major leaf traits affecting biomass were N_area, N_mass and VD, those affecting water consumptions were N_area, N_mass, g_wmax and LT, those affecting water use efficiency were N_mass, LMA, LT and VD.
Conclusions
Leaf N content is closely coordinated with stomatal density and the maximum stomatal conductance to water. This coordination may enhance the adaptation of plants to different resource availabilities. Leaf traits can be used to predict whole plant performance under different N and water supplies in maize.
- nitrogen,
- water,
- leaf economic traits,
- leaf hydraulic traits,
- maize

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References (36)

References

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Leaf economic and hydraulic traits and their correlation under varying nitrogen and water supplies in maize

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